(Deep) Learning from Historical Maps – The Emergence, Growth and Stagnation of Cities: France 1760-2020
Historical maps contain rich information about buildings, land use, and transportation networks, and provide novel insights into urban and spatial economics. However, this information is encoded into pixel values, and cannot be readily used for analysis. This paper investigates the evolution of French urban areas from a historical perspective. We implement a fully-convolutional neural network […]